Key Components of Health Management: Building Efficient Healthcare Systems.

 Key Components of Health Management: Building Efficient Healthcare Systems.

Health management is a crucial aspect of any functioning healthcare system, ensuring that resources are used effectively, care is delivered efficiently, and patient outcomes are optimized. It involves a broad array of activities and systems, from managing facilities to organizing healthcare workers, tracking patient data, and ensuring compliance with policies and regulations. Understanding the key components of health management is essential for fostering a healthcare environment that meets the needs of its population while adapting to changing challenges and innovations.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the core components that form the foundation of health management and discuss their importance in achieving better healthcare outcomes.

 1. Healthcare Delivery Systems.

Healthcare delivery encompasses the organization, coordination, and execution of care services provided to patients. This is the most visible component of health management, as it involves all the interactions that occur between healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, allied health professionals) and patients.

- Primary Care: The first point of contact for patients, such as general practitioners or family doctors, who manage overall health and refer to specialists when necessary.

- Secondary and Tertiary Care: Specialized medical care, usually provided by specialists or at hospitals, dealing with more complex health issues.

- Continuum of Care: This concept ensures that patients receive appropriate care at all stages, from preventative services to acute and long-term care, creating a seamless healthcare experience.

Effective health management ensures that these systems work together cohesively, minimizing gaps in care, reducing wait times, and improving patient satisfaction.

2. Health Information Systems (HIS).

A crucial component of modern health management is the use of Health Information Systems (HIS) to collect, store, and manage patient data. HIS allows healthcare providers to make informed decisions based on real-time data and ensure better continuity of care. 

Key elements of HIS include:

- Electronic Health Records (EHRs): These digital versions of a patient’s medical history provide clinicians with quick access to essential data, leading to improved decision-making and care coordination.

- Telemedicine: Platforms that enable healthcare providers to consult with patients remotely, expanding access to healthcare, particularly in underserved regions.

- Data Analytics: HIS platforms often include analytics capabilities, helping healthcare managers track trends in patient outcomes, optimize resource use, and predict future needs.

The integration of HIS within healthcare systems not only improves clinical outcomes but also enables the monitoring and evaluation of system performance at a managerial level.

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3. Quality Assurance and Patient Safety

Quality assurance (QA) is a core element of health management that focuses on ensuring healthcare services meet established standards of care. It involves a continuous process of reviewing, monitoring, and improving the quality of healthcare delivery.

Some key aspects include:

- Accreditation and Certification: Healthcare facilities are regularly reviewed to ensure they meet national or international standards of care and safety.

- Clinical Guidelines: Evidence-based guidelines help standardize treatments, ensuring that patients receive consistent and effective care.

- Patient Safety: Health managers must prioritize initiatives to minimize errors, infections, and other risks. This includes the adoption of technologies like electronic prescribing to reduce medication errors.

Quality management systems improve both the safety and effectiveness of healthcare services, helping health managers deliver care that meets the expectations of both patients and regulators.

 4. Resource Allocation and Financial Management.

Efficient allocation of resources is vital to health management. Resources in healthcare include personnel, medical supplies, and financial assets. Health managers must allocate these resources effectively to ensure the sustainability of healthcare systems.

- Budgeting: Managing budgets is a key task for health managers, who must balance spending on staff, technology, facilities, and patient services.

- Human Resources: This involves not only hiring and training healthcare professionals but also ensuring they are distributed equitably across facilities and regions to prevent workforce shortages.

- Supply Chain Management: Health managers oversee the procurement and distribution of medical supplies and equipment, ensuring that essential items like medications and personal protective equipment (PPE) are available when needed.

Financial sustainability and efficient resource use are essential to keeping healthcare systems functional and accessible to all.

 5. Policy Development and Regulatory Compliance.

Healthcare systems are governed by policies and regulations that ensure standards of care, protect patient rights, and promote public health. Health managers play a critical role in shaping and adhering to these policies.

- Compliance with Laws and Regulations: Health managers must ensure that healthcare institutions comply with national health laws, patient safety standards, and ethical guidelines.

- Public Health Policies: Health managers are also responsible for implementing public health policies that affect population health, such as vaccination programs or disease prevention initiatives.

- Health Equity: Managers should promote policies that reduce disparities in healthcare access and quality, ensuring that care is available to all population groups, regardless of socioeconomic status.

By ensuring that healthcare organizations meet legal and ethical requirements, health managers help maintain the integrity and reliability of the healthcare system.

 6. Strategic Planning and Leadership.

Effective health management requires strong leadership and strategic planning. Health managers need to anticipate future challenges, from technological changes to population health trends, and create long-term strategies to adapt.

- Leadership in Healthcare: Strong leadership is essential to motivate healthcare teams, manage crises, and drive innovation in healthcare practices.

- Strategic Planning: This involves forecasting future healthcare needs, setting priorities, and allocating resources to achieve long-term goals, such as improving population health or reducing healthcare disparities.

- Change Management: Healthcare systems are constantly evolving, and health managers must lead change initiatives, such as implementing new technologies or restructuring service delivery models.

Strong leadership is key to successfully navigating the complexities of modern healthcare and ensuring that health systems can meet the changing needs of populations.

 Conclusion

Health management is a multifaceted field that requires the coordination of various components, from healthcare delivery to financial management, policy development, and leadership. By focusing on these key areas, health managers can create systems that deliver high-quality care, optimize resource use, and adapt to new challenges. As healthcare continues to evolve, these components will remain foundational to achieving better patient outcomes and more efficient health systems.

Waxaa qoray Abdikadir Mustaf Abdullahi 

References:

- Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI). (2022). Framework for Healthcare Management and Leadership*. [IHI](https://www.ihi.org/)

- World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). *Health Systems Governance and Financing. [WHO](https://www.who.int/)

- Porter, M. E., & Lee, T. H. (2015). Why Strategy Matters Now in Healthcare*. Harvard Business Review.

- Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016). Understanding Health Policy: A Clinical Approach. McGraw Hill.

Navigating the Key Challenges in Health Management.

 Navigating the Key Challenges in Health Management.

Health management plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth operation of healthcare systems. It focuses on optimizing resources, overseeing healthcare services, and enhancing patient outcomes. However, health managers today face numerous challenges due to shifting demographics, rapid technological 

advancements, and the ever-rising costs of healthcare. Below, we explore the primary obstacles in health management and how they impact the global healthcare landscape.

1. Escalating Healthcare Costs.

One of the most significant hurdles for health managers is the continuous rise in healthcare costs, which poses a challenge to providing high-quality care while maintaining financial sustainability. This upward trend is fueled by several factors:

- Aging Populations: As people live longer, the demand for healthcare services, particularly for managing chronic illnesses and age-related conditions, increases significantly.

- Innovative Medical Technologies: Although advancements in medical technology improve patient outcomes, they often come with high costs that put additional pressure on healthcare budgets.

- Chronic Disease Epidemic: The global rise in chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and cancers means that healthcare systems are continuously stretched, as these conditions often require long-term care and management.

Health managers are increasingly turning to models like value-based care, where healthcare providers are compensated based on patient outcomes rather than the quantity of services offered, to address the cost challenges while ensuring patient care quality.

 2. Shortage of Healthcare Professionals.

A global shortage of healthcare workers, particularly in rural and low-income regions, presents a major issue. According to the World Health Organization, by 2030, the global deficit of healthcare professionals could surpass 18 million. This shortage is exacerbated by several factors:

- Aging Workforce: A large portion of the healthcare workforce is nearing retirement, leaving gaps in the availability of skilled professionals.

- Geographical Imbalance: Urban areas tend to have a higher concentration of healthcare workers, while rural regions are often underserved, leading to unequal access to care.

- Burnout: The COVID-19 pandemic placed significant strain on healthcare workers, leading to burnout, early retirements, and increased turnover.

To tackle this issue, health managers need to focus on workforce retention, improved training, and the use of alternative models like telemedicine or community health initiatives to bridge the gaps in healthcare delivery.

3. Health Inequity.

Disparities in healthcare access and quality remain a persistent issue. Health inequity is influenced by socioeconomic factors, geographic location, and social determinants of health, often leaving marginalized groups without proper access to care.

Marginalized populations may face barriers such as lack of financial resources, discrimination, or geographical challenges that prevent them from receiving adequate care. For example, minority communities in the United States often experience poorer health outcomes than their white counterparts due to systemic inequalities in the healthcare system.

To address these inequities, health managers must implement policies aimed at expanding healthcare access to underserved populations, improving health education, and providing targeted interventions to reduce the gap in healthcare outcomes.

4. Technological Integration and Data Management.

While technology has revolutionized healthcare, its implementation brings its own set of challenges. Health managers must oversee the integration of technologies such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), telemedicine services, and AI-driven diagnostic tools, all of which can significantly improve patient care. However, these innovations come with challenges:

- Interoperability: Different healthcare systems often use incompatible technologies, which hinders seamless data sharing and can lead to delays or inefficiencies in patient care.

- Cybersecurity Risks: As healthcare systems become more reliant on digital tools, they become more vulnerable to cyber-attacks that could compromise sensitive patient information.

- Training and Adaptation: Introducing new technology requires extensive training for healthcare professionals, which can be costly and time-consuming.

Health managers must ensure that technological innovations are effectively integrated into existing systems, while also prioritizing data security and workforce training.

 5. Public Health Emergencies

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities in healthcare systems around the world, highlighting the need for better preparedness and crisis management. Health managers were faced with overwhelming patient loads, supply chain disruptions, and a shortage of healthcare personnel.

To build more resilient healthcare systems, health managers must focus on:

- Preparedness and Response: Ensuring that healthcare systems can rapidly scale up their operations during emergencies, with sufficient resources, infrastructure, and trained personnel.

- Supply Chain Resilience: Strengthening supply chain systems to avoid critical shortages of medicines and equipment during emergencies.

- Global Cooperation: Public health crises often require coordinated international responses, with shared resources, data, and collaborative strategies to mitigate the impact of emergencies.

Conclusion

Health management is a complex field requiring ongoing adaptation to a variety of challenges, including escalating costs, workforce shortages, healthcare inequities, technological integration, and emergency preparedness. Effective solutions will require innovative approaches, strategic resource management, and a commitment to equity in healthcare delivery. As health systems evolve, health managers will continue to play a critical role in ensuring that they remain resilient, efficient, and capable of meeting the healthcare needs of their populations.

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Waxaa qoray: Abdikadir Mustaf Abdullahi 

References:

- World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Global Health Workforce Shortage to Reach 18 Million by 2030. [WHO Report](https://www.who.int/)

- Porter, M. E., & Lee, T. H. (2013). The Strategy That Will Fix Healthcare. Harvard Business Review.

- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Health Equity in the United States. [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/)

- Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2022). Value-Based Care and Health Management Strategies. [IHI](https://www.ihi.org/)

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

 How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

Maintaining a healthy body weight is crucial for overall well-being and long-term health. Here are some practical tips to help you stay on track:

1. Balanced Diet

   3. Eat a Variety of Foods

 Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your meals.

   2. Watch Portion Sizes

Avoid overeating by paying attention to portion sizes and listening to your body's hunger cues.

   3. Limit Processed Foods

Reduce intake of high-sugar, high-fat, and heavily processed foods.

2. Regular Exercise

   1. Find Activities You Enjoy

 Whether it's walking, cycling, swimming, or dancing, staying active should be fun.

   2. Consistency is Key

 Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity each week.

   3. Strength Training

Incorporate muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week.

3. Stay Hydrated

   1. Drink Plenty of Water

Aim for 8 glasses a day, more if you're active.

   2. Limit Sugary Drinks

Avoid excessive consumption of sodas, energy drinks, and sugary juices.

 4. Mindful Eating

   1. Eat Slowly

Take your time to chew and savor your food, which can help prevent overeating.

   2. Pay Attention to Hunger Signals

 Eat when you're hungry and stop when you're full.

   3. Avoid Distractions

 Turn off the TV and put away your phone during meals.

5. Sleep Well

   1. Get Enough Sleep

Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night.

   2. Maintain a Sleep Schedule

Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends.

6. Manage Stress

   1. Practice Relaxation Techniques

Try yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.

   2. Stay Connected

 Spend time with family and friends to maintain a support system.

7. Monitor Your Progress

   1. Keep a Food Diary

Track what you eat to identify patterns and areas for improvement.

   2. Regular Weigh-Ins

Weigh yourself once a week to monitor changes without becoming obsessive.

8. Set Realistic Goals

   1. Be Patient

Weight management is a gradual process; aim for a steady, sustainable weight loss of 1-2 pounds per week if you're trying to lose weight.

   2. Celebrate Small Wins

 Acknowledge and reward your progress along the way.

9. Seek Professional Advice 

   1. Consult a Dietitian

 For personalized nutrition advice.

   2. Join a Support Group

Connect with others who have similar goals for motivation and accountability.

By incorporating these tips into your daily routine, you can maintain a healthy body weight and enjoy a happier, healthier life. Remember, the goal is to find a balance that works for you and to make sustainable changes that you can stick with in the long run.

**Title:** *The Transformational Power of Exercise: A Path to a Healthier Life*

 **Title:** *The Transformational Power of Exercise: A Path to a Healthier Life*

**Subtitle:** *Unveiling the Incredible Benefits of Regular Physical Activity*

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In a world where our lives are increasingly hectic and sedentary, the importance of exercise cannot be overstated. Regular physical activity is not just a means of shaping your physique; it's a holistic and transformative experience that nurtures both your body and mind. Let's embark on a journey to explore the remarkable benefits of exercise and understand how it can enhance your life.

### 1. Physical Health Redefined

At its core, exercise is a potent tool for enhancing your physical health. Regular workouts improve cardiovascular health, boost circulation, and strengthen your immune system. They also help control weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and increase your lifespan.

### 2. Unleash the Power of Endorphins

The age-old adage that exercise is a natural mood lifter holds true. When you engage in physical activity, your brain releases endorphins, often referred to as "feel-good" hormones. This surge of positivity can alleviate stress, reduce anxiety, and even combat depression, leaving you feeling happier and more relaxed.

### 3. Your Secret Weapon Against Stress

Life's stressors can feel overwhelming, but exercise serves as a powerful stress reliever. It provides an outlet for pent-up tension, helping you clear your mind and regain focus. Additionally, it improves your ability to cope with life's challenges.

### 4. A Boost for Your Brain

Physical activity isn't just about your body; it's a brain-boosting endeavor. Exercise enhances cognitive function, increases memory retention, and promotes creativity. It's no coincidence that some of history's greatest minds were known for their daily walks and active lifestyles.

### 5. Enhance Your Energy Levels

Contrary to the misconception that exercise leaves you drained, it actually invigorates you. Regular physical activity boosts your energy levels by enhancing the efficiency of your heart and increasing your muscle strength, leaving you more resilient and ready to tackle life's demands.

### 6. A Good Night's Sleep

Struggling with sleepless nights? Exercise can be the answer. It regulates your sleep patterns, allowing for a deeper, more restorative slumber. Say goodbye to restless nights and wake up refreshed and ready to seize the day.

### 7. Confidence and Self-esteem

Physical activity can redefine your self-image. As you meet your fitness goals and witness positive changes in your body, your self-confidence and self-esteem grow. This newfound self-assuredness extends to various aspects of your life.

### 8. Social Connections

Exercise is an excellent way to build social connections. Whether it's participating in group classes, joining a sports team, or simply going for a jog with a friend, you can forge meaningful relationships while improving your health.

### 9. Longevity and Quality of Life

Want to live a long, fulfilling life? Regular exercise is your ally. It has been linked to increased longevity, allowing you to enjoy more years of good health, mobility, and happiness.

### 10. A Personalized Journey

One of the most beautiful aspects of exercise is its versatility. There's an activity for everyone, whether it's cycling, swimming, yoga, or weightlifting. You can tailor your exercise routine to suit your preferences and needs, making it a truly personalized journey.

### Conclusion

The benefits of exercise are an invitation to a life filled with vitality, happiness, and well-being. Regular physical activity isn't a chore; it's a gift you give to yourself. It's a journey that transforms you, not just physically, but mentally and emotionally as well. So, lace up your sneakers, find an activity you love, and embark on the path to a healthier, happier, and more vibrant you. The power of exercise is yours to embrace, and the results will be nothing short of life-changing.

Waa maxay sababta fitamiin B12 uu muhiim ugu yahay jirka?

 Waa maxay sababta fitamiin B12 uu muhiim ugu yahay jirka?

 

Fitamin B12 waa mid ka mid ah nafaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee jirkaaga. Looma baahna oo kaliya in loo sameeyo unugyada dhiigga cas iyo DNA, laakiin sidoo kale waxay door weyn ka ciyaartaa horumarinta maskaxda iyo unugyada dareemayaasha.

 Marka la eego in nafaqadan aan si dabiici ah loogu samayn jidhka oo ay tahay in laga helo cuntooyin gaar ah, qaar badan oo aan isticmaalin fiitamiinkan in ku filan, waxa laga yaabaa inay la il-daran yihiin heerka fitamiin B12 oo hooseeya. Taas oo ah in faa'iidooyinka nafaqadan muhiimka ah aan la ogaan karin ilaa heerarku hoos u dhacaan oo ay bilaabaan dhibaatooyin caafimaad.

 Sidee bay yaraanta fitamiin B12 inoo saamaysaa?

 Sida laga soo xigtay Clinic Cleveland, "Fitamin B12 yaraanta waxay dhacdaa marka jidhkaagu aanu helin wax ku filan ama uusan ka nuugin fitamiin B12 ku filan cuntada aad cunayso oo u baahan yahay inuu si fican u shaqeeyo."

 Taasi waxay tahay, waxay kuu horseedi kartaa dhibaatooyin jireed, neerfayaasha iyo maskaxda haddii aan lagu daweyn waqtiga.

 Sida laga soo xigtay jidhka caafimaadka(Healthy body), yaraanta fitamiin B12 iyo dhiig-yaraantu waa dhibaato caadi ah oo dhacda marka jidhku aanu haysanin unugyada dhiigga cas ee caafimaad qaba oo ku filan sababtoo ah fitamiin B12 yaraanta.

 Kuwa da'doodu tahay 60 sano ama ka weyn waxay aad ugu dhow yihiin inay yeeshaan yaraanta fitamiin B12 marka loo eego dadka kale ee da'da.

 Calaamadaha 'laga yaabo inaysan dib u laaban', xitaa marka lagu daro kabitaanka.(Vitamin B12 la siyo)

 Dib u eegis, oo lagu daabacay joornaalka AMA Journal of Ethics, ayaa lagu ogaaday in saameynta qaarkood ee yaraanta fitamiin B12 ' laga yaabo inay dib u noqdaan.'

 Cilmi-baarayaasha daraasadda ayaa yiri, "Ciladaha neerfaha iyo maskaxda ee la xidhiidha yaraanta fitamiin B12 lagama yaabo inay dib u noqdaan, inkastoo kaabis habboon tahay."

 Calaamadaha qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah:

 - Niyad-jab

 - xanaaq

 - Shaqada garashada oo yaraata (oo ay ku jiraan dhibaatooyinka xusuusta)

 -Wallida

 Xiriirka ka dhexeeya yaraanta fitamiin B12 iyo cudurka Alzheimers

 Daraasado dhowr ah ayaa isku dayay in ay caddeeyaan in heerarka hooseeya ee fitamiin B12 ay keeni karaan cillado garaadka, taasoo keenta waallida iyo cudur gaar ah sida Alzheimers.

 Cudurka Alzheimers waa cudur horusocod ah oo aan laga bogsan karin oo ku bilaabma xasuus-xumo fudud, wuxuuna saameeyaa shaqada maskaxda ee qofka iyo awoodda fikirka.

 Dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay 43 daraasadood ayaa lagu ogaaday in heerarka fitamiin B12 ee bukaannada qaba cudurka Alzheimers lagu kala saaray "kala duwanaanshaha hoose ee caadiga ah."

 Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay sidoo kale xustay, "daaweynta fitamiin B12 ma wanaajiso garashada bukaanada iyada oo aan lahayn yaraanta hore u jirta".

 Calaamadaha ugu caansan ee la xidhiidha heerarka hooseeya ee fitamiin B12

 Adeegga Caafimaadka Qaranka ee UK (NHS) ayaa sheegaya in yaraanta fitamiin B12 ay si tartiib tartiib ah u kobci karto, laakiin way ka sii dari kartaa haddii aan waqtigeeda lagu daweyn. Calaamadaha qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah:

 -  Daal badan

 -Neef la'aan

 - Madax xanuun iyo dawakh

 - Maqaar cirro leh

 -Wadna garaaca

 - Arrimaha dheefshiidka oo xumaada

 - Ku adkaanshaha xoogga saarista

 Sidee Baaris loo sameya?

 Marka laga reebo aqoonsiga calaamadaha, waxa kale oo aad samayn kartaa baaritaan dhiig si loo xaqiijiyo ogaanshahaaga.

 Sida laga soo xigtay WebMD, "Waxaad heli kartaa wakhti kasta, uma baahnid inaad cunto la'aan (soon) ahaato ka hor intaadan samayn baaritaanka."

 "Heerka caadiga ah ee fiitamiin B12 ee dhiigaaga guud ahaan waa inta u dhaxaysa 190 iyo 950 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) ah. Ka hooseeya 200 pg / mL waa mid hooseeya. waxaana loo baahan yahay baaritaanno dheeraad ah,” ayuu yiri jirka caafimaadku.

Ku dar cuntooyinka qani ku ah B12 cuntadaada

 Cuntooyinka sida hilibka lo'da, digaaga, kalluunka (tuna iyo haddock), cuntooyinka badda sida shellfish iyo carsaanyo, waxyaabaha caanaha laga sameeyo sida caanaha, farmaajo iyo caano fadhi, oo ay la socdaan ukunta ayaa ka mid ah ilaha ugu wanaagsan ee fitamiin B12.

 U fiirso kabka kaliya haddii dhakhtarkaagu kugula taliyo inaad qaadato.

 Sidee bay u caawisaa kaabista

 Haddii aadan ka helin fitamiin B12 kugu filan cuntadaada iyo cuntooyinka aad cunayso, kabitaanku waa beddelka ugu fican ee la heli karo.

 Waxay kaa caawin kartaa horumarinta caafimaadka guud waxayna gacan ka geysan kartaa maaraynta xaaladaha caafimaadka qaarkood.

 Iyadoo dadka intooda badan aysan u baahnayn dheellitirka fiitamiinada, daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan isticmaalka dheeriga ah ee cuntada ayaa ka sarreeya dumarka marka loo eego ragga. Dadka waaweyn, faafitaanku wuu kordhay da'da.

 Faytamiin B12 ee xad-dhaafka ah ayaa sidoo kale sababi kara waxyeelo caafimaad.

 In kasta oo ay muhiim tahay in la helo xaddi ku filan oo fitamiin B12 ah oo jirka ah, waxaa aad muhiim u ah in la ogaado qaadashada fitamiin B12. Naftaada haka badin heerarka B12 ee xad dhaafka ah, sababtoo ah waxay keeni kartaa dillaaca finan iyo rosacea, xaaladaha maqaarka oo u horseedi kara barar xanuun leh oo wejiga ah.

 Yaa halis ugu jira yaraanta fitamiin B12?

 Sida laga soo xigtay Clinic Cleveland, "Qof kastaa wuxuu yeelan karaa yaraanta fitamiin B12 da' kasta."

 Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka da'doodu tahay 60 sano ama ka weyn waxay aad ugu dhow yihiin inay yeeshaan yaraanta fitamiin B12 marka loo eego kooxaha kale ee da'da.

 Taasi waxay tahay, inaad haysato cunto caafimaad leh, oo hodan ku ah fiitamiinada iyo macdanta ayaa muhiim ah. Haddii aad ka mid tahay dadkaan khtarta ugu jira, waxa ku caawin kara inaad isticmaasho kaabista talada dhakhtarkaaga.

Fadlan aqri, wax ka dheh, haddii aad kartidna faafi oo la wadaag asxbtaada si ay ugu faaideystaan. 

Wixii faalo ahna hoos noogu reeb.

MAHADSANID 🌹

💥SUBAX WANAAGSAN 💥

■W/Q: Abdikadir M. Abdullahi 

  Arday dhigta Jaamacadda Mogadishu, Kulliyadda Daaweynta iyo Qalliinka.

𝗠𝗮𝘅𝗮𝗮 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗯𝗮 𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗯 𝗱𝗶𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗮𝗰𝗮?

 𝗠𝗮𝘅𝗮𝗮 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗯𝗮 𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗯 𝗱𝗶𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗮𝗰𝗮?

Isbadallada ku dhaco carabka waxay qofka ku keeni kartaa welwel hadii uusan fikir buuxa ka haysan waxa ay tahay.

Carabka wuxuu ka mid yahay meelaha jirka ugu muhiimsan ee ay dhakhaatiirtu warbixin ka raadiyaan hadii uu qofka uu xanuunsan yahay maadaama cudurro badan ay carabka astaamo gooni ah oo lagu garto u yeelaan.

sidaas awgeed waxa ugu badan ee dadka ka sheegtaan waa cillada carab dildillaaca ma cara jeexjeexa ama waxa dhakhaatiirta qaar u yaqaanaa "carab qooreedka = Scrotal tongue oo macnahiisu laga wado in carabka uu u ekaado sidii qooraha oo kale.

Dildillaaca carabka da' kasta way ku dhici kartaa laakiin waxay ku badan tahay ragga khaas ahaan wixii xilliga qaangaarka ka dambeeyo.

■𝗦𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝗴𝘂 𝗸𝗮𝗹𝗮 𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗿𝗶 𝘅𝗮𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗮 𝗱𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗴𝗮 𝗮𝗵 𝗶𝘆𝗼 𝗺𝗶𝗱𝗮 𝗖𝘂𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗸𝗮 𝘂𝘂 𝗸𝗲𝗲𝗻𝗼?

Dildillaaca carabka badanaa wax dhib ah ma keeno ee si dabiici ah ayuu ku imaan karaa khaas ahaan hadduu qofka dhaxal u leeyahay, dildillaaca heerka uu gaarsiisan yahay iyo carabka dhinaca uu kaga yaallo iyo haddii ay nabro ama barar la socdaan ama afka uu la buko ayey dhakhaatiirtu ku kala gartaan kan dabiiciga ah iyo midka cudurka uu keeno.

Sidaas awgeed haddii dildilaaca uu la socdo, hambab ama lur, biijo, ama xanuun ama dhaawac ka muuqdo camanka afka gudahiisa waa in aad dhakhtar la xiriirtaa.

Badanaa dildillaca carabka waxaa la arkaa markii la waynaado oo caruurta kuma badna, waxaana badanaa ogaado dhakhtarka ilkaha oo loogu tago check-up oo dadka badanaa kuma baraarugaan.

■𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗶𝗿𝗮𝗮𝗻 𝘅𝗮𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗼 𝗸𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗼 𝗹𝗮𝗴𝘂 𝗾𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗼?

Waxaa kaloo jira xaalad kale oo cilladaan badanaa lagu khaldo taasoo aan jeexjeex carabku ka muuqan, laakiin uu fiiqfiiqan yaha ama hoolan yahay, taasi waxaa loo yaqaanaa "Geogrpahic tongue", waa sidii khariidada oo kale, labada cillad mararka qaar way isla socon karaan, way kala socon karaan.

■𝗠𝗮𝘅𝗮𝗮 𝘀𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗯 𝘂 𝗮𝗵 𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗮𝗻?

Cilladda carabka fiiqfiiqan waxa keeno safiican looma oga, laakiin waxyaabo ay xiriir la leedahay ayaa jira sida:

1- Cudurka gaaska iyo laab jeexa, 

2- Fitamiin yarida khaas ahaan nooca "B-ga", hadduu dhakhtarkaagu u maleeyo in fitamiinadaasi ay kugu yaryihin wuxuu kuu qori doonaa fitamiin B complex oo ka kooban dhowrka fitamiin ee lagu daaweeyo dildillaaca carabka, ama cuntooyinka laga helo fitimiinka.

3- Xasaasiyadda afka, waxaa la arkaa markuu qofka cuno waxyaabo uu Allargy ku yahay, markaas carabka ayaa fiiqfiiqmo, xanuun ayaan la dareemaa markii wax dhanaan ama kulul la cuno, laakiin midka jeexjeexan wax xanuun ah lama dareemo.

4- Nadaafad xumada afka iyo caabuqa ilkaha.

■𝗦𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗼 𝗱𝗮𝘄𝗲𝗲𝘆𝗮𝗮 𝗱𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗮𝗰𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗸𝗮?

Faraha ka qaad hadduusan dhib kugu haynin, waxaa dhici karto inuu sidaas dabiici ku yahay ama aad ka bogsan doontid adigoo daawo qaadanin.

Ku dadaal nadaafadda ilkaha oo carabkane joogto u nadiifi khaas ahaan hadduu dildillaac leeyahay si aysan cunnada u galin

Iska yaree cunnada kulul iyo kuwa dhanaanka siyaadada ah haddii uu carabkaagu u adkaysan karin

Ku dadaal cabidda ama cunista geedka nacnaaca "Spearmint", waxaa la ogaaday inuu dildillaaca carabka iyo xanuunkaba uu yareeyo.

Wixii intaa ka badan fadlan la xiriir dhakhtar talo kaa siiyo cilladaan.

𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲&𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲 lawadaag walaalaha kale

Abdikadir M. Abdullahi 

Xanuunka Jadeecada ( Measles)

 Xanuunka Jadeecada ( Measles)

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Sida aynu ka wada warqabno, waxa la soo sheegay in xanuunka jadeecada oo fiditaankiisu aad u fudud yahay lagu arkay meelo ka mid ah dalka.

Jadeecadu waa mid ka mid ah xanuunada sida aadka ah u faafa haddii aan la joojin ama laga hortagin sida lagu yaqaanno jadeecadu waxay caan ku tahay calaamado ay ka mid yihiin Xumad, finan yar yar oo ka soo yaca oogada sare jidhka iyo astaamo kale oo muujinaya inuu caabuq ka jiro hab dhiska neefsashada sida qufaca iyo kuwo kale , jadeecadu waxay badanaa samaysaa ama ku dhacdaa caruurta gaar ahaan kuwa da’doodu ka yar tahay 5 sano ,ilaa iyo wakhtigana looma hayo dawo rasmi ah oo lagu daweeyo xanuunkan .

Jadeecada waxa sababa nooc ka mid ah ili ma aragtayda ama jeemiska virus oo loo yaqaano Paramoxyvirus (morbilivirus) kaaso badanaa laga adamaha waxa laga yaaba shaqsiyaadka uu sameeyo xanuunkani inay noqdaan kuwo bilaa calamado ah 

Sidee ayay ku gudubtaa jadeecadu ?

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Xanuunkani waxa uu ku gudbaa xidhiidh toos ah oo dhex mara qofka qaba xanuunka iyo kuwa cafimaadka qaba amaba qoyaanada ka imanaya sanka sida duufka iyo afka sida candhuufta , sidoo kale waxa laysugu gudbin karaa neefta ama hawada 

Yaa u nugul xanuunkan ?

Sida la wada og yahay hooyadu wakhtiga uurka waxay ilmaheeda ugu gudbisaa madheerta antibodies ka ilaaliya u nuglaanshaha xanuunkan , sidoo kale canaha naaska hooyadu waxay ka difaacan ilmaha xanuunkan bilaha hore noloshiisa , difaacyadaa uu ka helo ilmuhu hooyadii wakhtiga uurka iyo wakhtiga jaqida naasku waxay u baaban ayar ayar bilba bisha ka dambaysa ilaa meesha ay ka baxaan marka ilmuhu gaadho da’da 5-12 bilood laga soo bilaabo da’dan ilmaha yari waxa uu u nuglaada inay ku dhacdo jadeecadu.

Sidoo kale waxa iyana u nugul xanuunkan caruurta da’doodu ka yar tahay 5 jirka ilaa 3 jirka ee aan qadan talaalka jadeecada  ayuu dhibaato ku haya

Sida aynu wada ognahay taniyo maalintii la gartey xanuunkan waxa keena loona magac bixiyey lana aqoonsaday dhibaatadiisa ilaa iyo maanta xanuunkani waxa uu yahay mid dhibaatadiisu tagaan tahay wana dhibaatooyinka cafimaadka bulshada kuwa ugu badan gaar ahaan wadamada talaladoodu hooseyaan siiba sida wadamo badan oo Africa iyo Asia .

Sanadii 2010 hayada cafimaadka adduunku waxay daaha ka rogtay 181 wadan laga soo sheegay in ka badan 254,0000 oo case oo jadeeco marka loo eego heerarka cabirka iyo janisyada xanuunkan ilaa wakhti xadirkan WHO way wada qiimeynta iyo ka war helida cases cusub

Sidee loo badha ama loo ogaada xanuunka

Marka ugu horeysa waxaa aad xanuunkan ku baadhi kartaa wareysi iyo qiimeynta aad ku aragto isbedelada jidheed ama finan ee ka soo baxay oogada jidhka si aad u xaqiijo in xanuun ku yahay kaad u malaynaysana waxaad u diri kartaa shaybaadh iyadoo la badhayo IGMantibody oo ah kan ugu xasaasisan ee lagu arki karo xanuun dhaliyaha sidoo kale waxa laga baadhi karaa 

-dhiiga qofka 

 - suuf lagaga soo qaado afka candhuufta ka dibna la baadho

Daweynta xanuunka 

Sidaynu soo sheegnay xanuunkani ma leh daaweyn lakiin se waxa uu leeyahay talaal ka hortag ah oo la soo sarey sanadii 1960 kii talalkaasi oo laga sameyey ili ma aragtay nool oo virus ah.

Talaalka u caansan ee maanta la isticmala waa ka laga soo dheegtay Edmonston strain ee jeermis dhaliya jadeecada , sidoo kale waxa iyana jira talaalo kale oo laga soo dheegtay jadecada sida CAM-70, TD-97 iyo kuwo kale , badanaa lama hayo wax cadaana oo ay ku kala duwan yihiin talaladani sida la falgalka jidhka iyo dhibatada ay keeni karaan labadaba.

Talaalkani waxa uu ka kooban yahay maadoyinka ay ka mid yihiin ( Sorbitol or Hydrolized gelatine) iyo xadi yar oo ah madada loo yaqano Neomycin ilaa hadana taladada laguma hayo wax jidhkeenu diiday.

Sidee loo qaata talaalka qiyaas intee leeg ba se la qaata

Caruurta da’doodu ka yar tahay 2 jirka waxa la siiya 0.5ml per dose adiga oo ka siinaya Muruqa gaar ahaan deltoid muscle si anteriolatal ee bawdada.

Caruurta da’doodu tahay 2 jirka ama ka weyn tahay waxaad siinaysa iyagana 0.5 ml per dose adiga oo ka siinaya SC dhinaca gacanta.

Yaan qadan karin talaalka ama uu dhibaato ku keeni karaa

 Qofkastoo alerji ku leh madooyinkan talaalku ka samaysan yahay

 Dadka difaacoodu aadka u hooseeyo

 Kuwa la nool xanuunka HIV/AIDS mujiyeyna calamada xanuunka difaacoduna ka hooseyo 25%

 Kuwa qaba kansarka ku dhaca dhiiga sida leukemia 

 Iyo kuwa qaata dawooyinka difaac xadida sida corticosteriods , dawooyinka kansarka 

 Sidoo kale waxa iyaguna aan talaalkan la siin karin caruurta nafaqo daradu hayso iyo hooyada uurka leh iyadoo oo uu dhibaato cafimaad soo gaadhsiin karo hoyada iyo uurjiifka kuna sababi karo inay hooyadu dhiciso ilmaha

Jadwalka Talaalka 

Qadashada koowaad Primary Vaccination

Wadamada faafida xanuunkani aadka u sareeyo waxa loo bilaaba talaalka caruurta markay da’doodu tahay 9 bilood .

Wadamada kale ee faafida xanuunku ay yar tahayna waxa caruurtooda talaalka loo bilaaba 12-15 bilood markay da’doodu mareyso

Sidoo kale wadamada ay halistoodu sareyso waxa caruurtooda talaalka loo bilaaba ka hor 9 biloode u horeya noloshooda talaalka u horeeyana waxay qataan markay da’doodu tahay 6 bilood halka dose labaadna ay ka qaataan markay gadhaan 9 bilood

Sidoo kale xaladaha qaar waxa dhacda ugu yaraan  waa in 4 week  ilmuhu qaato laba jeer talaalka xaladahaasna waxa ka mid ah :- 

 Meel jadeecadu ku badan tahay ama deegan ku tahay

 Caruurta qaxoontiga ah ama barakacayasha ah

 Caruurta hooyadadood la nooshahay xanuunka HIV/AIDS

 Caruurta nafaqo daradu hayso

 Qadashada Labaad

Qadashada labaad iyada waxa la bixiyaa marka la wado ololaha dabagalka iyo cidhib tirka xanuunka caruurta da’doodu u dhaxayso 6 bilood ilaa 5 sano mararka qaarna da’du way ka weynaanaysa 5 jirka iyadoo ay ku xidhan tahay saf marka xanuunkan

Sidoo kale qadashada labaad waxa lagu dari karaa jadwalka talalada ee calamiga ah gaar ahaan caruurta da’doodu tahay 15-18 bilood

Xeeladaha Talaalka

Guud ahaan qorshaha bixinta talaalkan waxa lagu soo kooba saddex nooc oo kala aha

Fixed site : talaal joogto ah mar walbana laga heli karo goobaha bixinta cafimaadka isagu wuxuu daboolaha keliya 5 km masafo dhul ahaaned

Outreach site : sidoo kale waa joogto lakiin se waxa loogu talo galay inuu daboolo baxad dhul ahaan oo dhan 5-15 waxana laga helaa goobaha cafimaadka 

Mobile team: kuwani waa kooxana wareega guud ahaan dalka magaaloyinka iyo goboladaba 

Olalaha bixinta talaalka jadeecada

Waa olole looga gol leeyahay in mudo gaaban lagu talaalo dad badan iyadoo la sameynayo meelo badanoo laga helayo talaalka ama kooxo wareegaya kambaynka waxa ka hawlgala dad badan , gadiid badan waxana aad u muhiim ah isku xidhka hawlaha waxanu u qaybsamaa laba qaybood oo kala ah

Cathch up campaing : ololahan waxa looga gol leeyahay in lagu bixiyo qadashada labaad ee talaalka jadeecada gaar ahaan caruurtaan talalada qadan waxana la sameeyan 2 ilaa 4 sanoba mar wana qayb ka mid ah talaalka guud ee calamiga ah ee jadeecada

Outbreak response campaing: isaga ujeedada looga dan leeyahay waa in laga hor tago inuu xanuunkani faafo lana xadido waxana la talala dadka halista ugu jira qadista cudurkan

Sidee loo Joojiya faafida xanuunka jadeecada

Keliya ka hortag ma noqon karo talaalka jadeecadu keligii se waxa lagu daraa si loo joojiyo loona dabar jaro xanuunka talaalo kale , talaalka jadeecada ujeedadiisa u weyn waa in ln hoos loo dhigo silica , darxumada iyo dhimashada xanuunkani sababo.

Guud ahaan qorshaha dabar jarka xanuunkani waxa loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood oo kala ah:

 In la hagaajiyo lana hubiyo daweynta

 In la kordhiyo wareega talalada iyadoo la raacayo talaal bixinta koowaad lana daboolayo 90% caruurta ka yar 1 sano la talaalo

 Iyo in la xoojiyo talaal bixinta labaad iyadoo la raacayo habka qabashada iyo ka war haynta xanuunka waxana la beegsada ka yar ama ka badan 95% caruurta da’doodu u dhaxayso 6 bilood ilaa 15 sano

 Tan u dambaysana waa in la kordhiyo ilaalinta xanuunka iyo ka warheyntiisaba wana ta aynu u bahanay manta dal ahaan inaynu xooga saarno helnana xog dhab ah oo ku sabsan heerka xanuunka ee dalka

Dabar goynta xanuunka

Baabiinta xanuunkani waa mid muhiim ah waxana loo qorsheyey duniduna isla garatay in la joojiyo wareega ama socodka ili ma aragtayda keena xanuunkan lana gaadhsiiyo talaalka dhul aad u baladhan qaarad ka qaarad.

Si loo tirtiro xanuunka waxa hawlqabadka talaalka la raaciya talabooyinkan

 Hubinta kaysaskii ka dawoobay xanuunka iyadoo la siinayo Vitamin A joogto ah

 In la ilaaliyo lagana war hayo cida lagu tuhmayo xanuunka iyadoo loo adeegsanayo shaybaadho iyo daweyn haddii ay cadaato

 In la hubiyo lana dhamaystiro bixinta talaalka koowad iyadoo la hubinayo in la gadhsiiyey talaalka caruur ka badan ama ka yar 95%

 Iyo in la qaybiyo bixinta talaalka marxaladiisa labaad iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in talaalka la gadhsiiyo caruurtiiii aan ka koowaad qaadan

 Ujeedada u weyn ee laga leeyahay taladadan iyo talooyinkaniba waa in si dhamaystiran looga cidhibtiro guud ahaan dunida xanuun dhaliyahan sababa jadeecada.

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Abdikadir M. Abdullahi